Regional influence of the success or failure of China's diplomacy: Qingdao before and after the Paris Peace Conference

Abstract

Since the beginning of the Opium War, China was passively involved in the process of modernization, and began to integrate with the international standards at the institutional level, among which the diplomatic field was the most important. Under the oppression of foreign powers, China's modern diplomacy presents the basic characteristics of inequality, inindependence, humiliation and no autonomy, but it also gradually matures in the struggle and learning. In the diplomatic game, Qingdao is a focus. The success or failure of Qingdao's diplomacy has had a huge and far-reaching impact on the society in this region. Under the collision between the most critical time node and the most critical space node in modern diplomacy, Qingdao, China's diplomacy has made new breakthroughs and developments.