A Review of Modern Missile Design

Abstract

 This study examines the aerodynamic layout design of air-to-air missiles, focusing on the trade-offs between range, maneuverability, and combat effectiveness in short-range infrared (IR) and medium-range radar-guided missiles. The research analyzes historical case studies such as AIM-9 Sidewinder, AIM-120 AMRAAM, and R-77 Viper) to reveal the trade-off logic of different aerodynamic layout strategies. The study employs comparative analysis of missile configurations and performance metrics, integrating archival data on aerodynamic design principles. Key findings highlight that short-range missiles prioritize agility through unconventional layouts, while medium-range designs emphasize fuel efficiency and guidance accuracy. The research further identifies emerging trends, such as composite materials and hybrid propulsion systems, which aim to address thermal stress and extended operational ranges. The conclusions emphasize that missile design represents a dynamic equilibrium between conflicting requirements, and future advancements will depend on interdisciplinary innovations in materials science, avionics, and propulsion technology to enhance survivability and lethality in contested airspace.