Investigation of High-Performance Nanocomposites for Flexible Electronics Applications

Abstract

Wearable electronics have garnered increasing attention due to their potential in real-time physiological monitoring, personalized healthcare, and human–machine interaction. However, challenges such as mechanical mismatch between rigid electronics and soft biological tissues, limited material recyclability, and high fabrication costs have hindered their large-scale deployment. Recent advances in nanomaterials and fabrication techniques offer promising solutions to these issues.This study focuses on developing flexible and stretchable electronic devices through integrating gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) with electrospun nanofiber membranes. It discusses the synergistic advantages of combining the high electrical conductivity and fluidity of LMs with the mechanical compliance, breathability, and structural tunability of electrospun substrates. The paper further examines key challenges, including weak interfacial adhesion, limited degradability of polymeric substrates, and the complexity of high-resolution patterning techniques. Strategies such as surface modification, metal alloying, and eco-friendly, biodegradable materials are explored to enhance device performance, scalability, and environmental compatibility to address these limitations. By advancing electrospinning-based LM integration techniques and developing sustainable fabrication approaches, this work creates high-performance, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible wearable systems for future biomedical monitoring, soft robotics, and transient electronics applications.