Progress of MXene-Based Fibers on Wearable Materials: Fabrication to the Functional Demonstration

Abstract

With the ongoing development of more flexible, functional, user-integrated wearable electronics, MXene materials have attracted interest in their use as next-generation fiber-based systems because of their outstanding electrical conductivity, durability, and adjustable surface characteristics. The incorporation of MXenes in fibrous architecture will be an area of strategic use to address the limitations of traditional conductive fillers, providing much compatibility with textile-form factors in the case of wearable sensors and energy storage fabrics. In this review, a systematic summary of the latest achievements in the production and structural engineering of MXene-based fiber was given, and the methods of fiber production, i.e., electrospinning, wet spinning, and direct ink writing, were especially highlighted. It also investigates the morphological-performance related linkages of these fibers in the realization of high-sensitivity pressure sensors, flexible supercapacitors, and thermoelectric devices. The structure of the functional interfaces and the cooperative mechanisms of mechanical-electrical coupling are critically analyzed in order to clarify structure-function relationships based on the physicochemical characteristics. Moreover, the review also captures the current issues, such as the oxidative stability and infiltration between the interfaces and between polymer resins and manufacturing solutions at scale. Last, but not least, we comment on what seem to be upcoming opportunities in multifunctional smart textiles, i.e., integrated sensing-energy systems, diagnostics based on AI, and earth-friendly manufacturing pathways. Through mapping the state-of-the-art knowledge, the purpose of the review is to expedite the realization and application of MXene-based fibers in any prospective intelligent wearable systems.